NROFF(I)                     5/15/74                     NROFF(I)







NAME

     nroff  -  format text



SYNOPSIS

     nroff [ +n ] [ -n ] [ -nn ] [ -mx ] [ -s ] [ -h ] [ -q  ]  [

     -i ] files



DESCRIPTION

     Nroff formats text according to control  lines  embedded  in

     the  text  files.   Nroff will read the standard input if no

     file arguments are given.  The non-file option arguments are

     interpreted as follows:



     +n      Output will commence at the first  page  whose  page

            number is n or larger



     -n      will cause printing to stop after page n.



     -nn     First generated (not necessarily  printed)  page  is

            given number n; simulates ``.pn n''.



     -mx     Prepends a  standard  macro  file;  simulates  ``.so

            /usr/lib/tmac.x''.



     -s      Stop prior to each page  to  permit  paper  loading.

            Printing   is   restarted   by   typing  a  `newline'

            character.



     -h      Spaces are replaced  where  possible  with  tabs  to

            speed  up  output  (or  reduce the size of the output

            file).



     -q      Prompt names for insertions are not printed and  the

            bell  character is sent instead; the insertion is not

            echoed.



     -i      Causes the standard  input  to  be  read  after  the

            files.



FILES

     /usr/lib/suftab suffix hyphenation tables

     /tmp/rtm?       temporary

     /usr/lib/tmac.? standard macro files



SEE ALSO

     NROFF User's Manual (internal memorandum).

     neqn (I)



BUGS























10 18 28 34

                   REQUEST REFERENCE AND INDEX



Request Initial If no   Cause

Form    Value   Argument        Break   Explanation



I.  Page Control



.pl +N  N=66    N=66    no      Page length.

.bp +N  N=1     -       yes     Begin page.

.pn +N  N=1     ignored no      Page number.

.po +N  N=0     N=prev  no      Page offset.

.ne N   -       N=1     no      Need N lines.

.mk     none    -       no      Mark current line.

.rt     -       -       no      Return to marked line.



II.  Text Filling, Adjusting, and Centering



.br     -       -       yes     Break.

.fi     fill    -       yes     Fill output lines.

.nf     fill    -       yes     No filling and adjusting.

.ad c   adj,norm adjust no      Adjust mode on.

.na     adjust  -       no      No adjusting.

.ce N   off     N=1     yes     Center N input text lines.



III.  Line Spacing and Blank Lines



.ls +N  N=1     N=prev  no      Line Spacing.

.sp N   -       N=1     yes     Space N lines

.lv N   -       N=1     no      Save N lines

.sv N   -       N=1     no      "

.os     -       -       no      Output Saved lines.

.ns     space   -       no      No-Space mode on.

.rs     -       -       no      Restore spacing.

.xh     off     -       no      Extra-half-line mode on.



IV.  Line Length and Indenting



.ll +N  N=65    N=prev  no      Line length.

.in +N  N=0     N=prev  yes     Indent.

.ti +N  -       N=1     yes     Temporary indent.



V.  Macros, Diversion, and Line Traps



.de xx  -       ignored no      Define or redefine a macro.

.am xx  -       ignored no      Append to a macro.

.ds xx  -       ignored no      Define or redefine string.

.as xx  -       ignored no      Append to a string.

.rm xx  -       -       no      Remove macro name.

.di xx  -       end     no      Divert output to macro "xx".

.da xx  -       end     no      Divert and append to "xx".

.wh -N xx       -       -       no      When; set a line trap.

.ch -N -M       -       -       no      Change trap line.

.ch xx -M       -       -       no      "



VI.  Number Registers



.nr ab +N -M    -       no      Number Register.

.nr a +N -M     -       no              "

.nc c   \n      \n      no      Number Character.

.ar     arabic  -       no      Arabic numbers.

.ro     arabic  -       no      Lower case roman numbers.

.RO     arabic  -       no      Upper case roman numbers.



VII.  Input and Output Conventions and Character Translations



.ta N,M,...     -       none    no      Pseudotabs setting.

.tc c   space   space   no      Tab replacement character.

.lc c   .       .       no      Leader replacement character.

.ul n   -       N=1     no      Underline input text lines.

.cc c   .       .       no      Basic control character.

.c2 c   '       '       no      Nobreak control character.

.ec c   -       \       no      Escape character.

.li N   -       N=1     no      Accept input lines literally.

.tr abcd....    -       -       no      Translate on output.



VIII.  Hyphenation.



.nh     on      -       no      No hyphenation.

.hy     on      -       no      Hyphenate.

.hc c   none    none    no      Hyphenation indicator character.



IX.  Three Part Titles.



.tl 'left'center'right' -       no      Title.

.lt N   N=65    N=prev  no      Length of title.



X.  Output Line Numbering.



.nm +N M S I    off     no      Number mode on or off, set parameters.

.np M S I       -       reset   no      Number parameters set or reset.



XI.  Conditional Input Line Acceptance



.if !N anything -       no      If true accept line of "anything".

.if c anything  -       no              "

.if !c anything -       no              "

.if N anything  -       no              "



XII.  Environment Switching.



.ev N   N=0     N=prev  no      Environment switched (pushed down).



XIII.  Insertions from the Standard Input Stream



.rd prompt      -       bell    no      Read insert.

.ex     -       -       no      Exit.



XIV.    Input File Switching



.so filename    -       -       no      Switch source file (push down).

.nx filename    -       no      Next file.



XV.     Miscellaneous



.tm mesg        -       -       no      Typewriter message

.ig     -       -       no      Ignore.

.fl     -       -       no      Flush output buffer.

.ab     -       -       no      Abort.